Neurologists test nerves using a combination of physical exams (checking reflexes, strength, sensation with stimuli like cotton or pinpricks, and coordination) and specialized electrodiagnostic tests like Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS) and Electromyography (EMG), which measure nerve signal speed and muscle electrical activity to pinpoint nerve damage or disorders. These procedures use surface electrodes for stimulation and recording, or tiny needles inserted into muscles, to assess how well nerves and muscles function.
Electromyography, or EMG, can diagnose nerve and muscle disorders, spinal nerve root compression, and motor neuron disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). EMG records the electrical activity in the muscles. Testing may take place in a doctor's office or clinic.
You may feel mild pain during an EMG test. Let your provider know if your pain becomes very uncomfortable because this may change your test results. You may have a tingly feeling, like mild static electricity, during a nerve conduction study. The muscles that were tested may be sore for a few days after the test.
Common Neurological Red Flags to Watch For
Especially if they're new, worsening, or paired with vision changes or nausea. This could be a sign of nerve dysfunction, especially in the arms, legs, or face. Difficulty walking, clumsiness, or dropping objects can point to neurological concerns.
What is done during a neurological exam?
How quickly should I seek medical care for sudden neurological symptoms? For symptoms like sudden severe headache, one-sided weakness, vision loss, or slurred speech, seek emergency care immediately. These could indicate life-threatening conditions like stroke where every minute matters for treatment outcomes.
How long does a neurological exam take? Neurological exams typically last between 30 minutes to an hour, depending on your symptoms and the thoroughness of the examination.
Listed in the directory below are some, for which we have provided a brief overview.
The signs of nerve damage include the following:
Five key signs your brain might be in trouble include significant memory loss (forgetting important things or familiar routines), difficulty with everyday tasks, confusion about time/place, problems with language/communication, and noticeable personality or mood changes, such as increased irritability or loss of interest in hobbies, which signal potential cognitive decline or neurological issues.
In some cases, your provider may instruct you to not smoke cigarettes or drink caffeinated beverages, such as coffee or tea, two to three hours before testing. These substances may interfere with the test.
An EMG examines how well your muscles and the nervous system's motor neurons are working together. What does a positive EMG mean? A positive EMG indicates that you do have a condition affecting your muscles or the nerves that control them. Your doctor will follow up to make a definitive diagnosis.
The skin will be cleansed with an antiseptic solution. Next, a fine, sterile needle will be inserted into the muscle. A ground electrode will be positioned under your arm or leg. Five or more needle insertions may be necessary for the test.
The most common types of tests for peripheral neuropathy (either to confirm the diagnosis or rule out other conditions) include: Blood tests (these can detect many problems, ranging from immune system problems to toxins and poisons, especially metals like mercury or lead). Electromyogram. Nerve ultrasound.
Researchers demonstrate that transferring healthy mitochondria from support glial cells to nerve cells could reduce nerve pain and degeneration. Fluorescence microscopy images show satellite glial cells transferring mitochondria (red) to neurons through nanotubes that connect the two cells.
You're more likely to be referred to a neurologist if your condition doesn't need surgery, such as migraines, seizures, multiple sclerosis or stroke recovery.
Diabetes, chronic alcohol use, certain medications, and autoimmune disorders are common contributors. Additionally, repetitive strain, vitamin deficiencies (particularly B12), and poor circulation can mimic neuropathic pain.
To stop nerve pain immediately, topical lidocaine or capsaicin creams/patches can provide quick numbing relief, while prescription options like anti-seizure drugs (gabapentin) or strong painkillers (tramadol) offer faster but not always instant relief; gentle stretches, TENS, and relaxation techniques can also help manage acute flare-ups by blocking pain signals or relaxing muscles.
The following are some of the more common peripheral nerve injuries.
4 Neurological Symptoms to Never Ignore
Parkinson's is the fastest growing neurological condition, but there's still a lot we don't know about its causes. There's also a big gap in our knowledge about how global healthcare systems, race and ethnicity, and environment might affect the prevalence of Parkinson's.
Anticonvulsants such as levetiracetam (Keppra), topiramate (Topamax), lamotrigine (Lamictal), oxcarbazepine (Trileptal), and divalproex sodium (Depakote) are some of the most commonly prescribed neurological medications.
A neurologist can help confirm or rule out the potential causes so you can get the proper care. “As neurologists, we may not always find the ultimate cause of your symptoms, but often we're able to eliminate the more serious conditions,” Zacharias says.
A neurological assessment typically involves the evaluation of mental status, cranial nerves, motor and sensory systems, reflexes, and coordination. Why does a neurologist look at your tongue? Looking at the tongue helps evaluate cranial nerve function, providing insights into potential neurological issues.
To a neurology appointment, wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothing that allows easy movement for physical exams.