A happy cat shows relaxed body language like an upright tail with a slight curl, slow blinking, and lying in open, comfortable positions, often accompanied by purring, kneading ("making biscuits"), playful behavior, a healthy appetite, and affectionate actions like head-bunting or rubbing against you, indicating they feel safe, comfortable, and bonded with their environment and people.
There are a few signs that an indoor cat is happy and thriving, including:
A relaxed posture
An agitated cat will straighten its legs and erect the hair along the spine, while a cat in a good mood will shrink to appear small and unthreatening. A joyful cat's tail will stand straight up, with just the tip crooked to greet people and other pets that the cat considers friends.
You can tell if a cat is sad by noticing changes in their behavior, like loss of appetite, excessive sleeping or hiding, poor grooming, increased vocalization (especially mournful cries), changes in litter box habits (urinating outside the box), or showing uncharacteristic aggression or clinginess, as these often signal unhappiness, stress, or illness. Always consult a vet, as these signs can also point to medical issues.
Find out what they enjoy, so you can give them more of what they like.
Cats get most annoyed by loud, sudden noises (vacuums, thunder), strong smells (citrus, vinegar), changes in routine, dirty litter boxes, and unwanted handling like being picked up or stared at, as these disrupt their sense of security and sensory balance, triggering their sensitive hearing and instincts for control and safety. Unexpected movements, unfamiliar scents, and being forced into costumes also cause significant stress and annoyance for felines.
Go by the 3/3/3 rule . 3 days to decompress, 3 weeks to show their personality, 3 months to be comfortable. Cats sometimes take a long time to understand that people are good. There are tons of stories of people who had ferals that became total lap cats after a few years.
The top "silent killers" in cats are Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), often progressing until 75% kidney failure, and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM), a heart muscle disease, both often showing few symptoms until advanced stages, along with Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) and Hepatic Lipidosis (Fatty Liver), leading to sudden illness or organ failure if undetected. Early detection through regular vet check-ups, blood tests, and monitoring for subtle changes like increased thirst/urination, weight loss, or hiding is crucial for managing these common, often hidden, feline diseases, says this article.
Cats are not fans of uncertainty, so having steady times for meals, cuddles, and playtime can help them feel more comfortable and relaxed. Play with them.
Key signs your cat is lonely
The 3:3:3 Rule: Help Your New Cat Adjust to Their Home The 3:3:3 rule explains some general expectations for the transition process and some tips on how to support your cat through each stage: 3 days for initial acclimatization, 3 weeks for settling in, and by 3 months, they should be comfortable and at ease in their ...
10 Signs Your Cat Is Stressed
As cats have great memories, it is likely that they can go through a period of missing their old owners, especially if they had a strong bond. However, by giving them plenty of time to adjust, affection and space when they need it, you'll notice them starting to form bonds with their new family members in time.
Purring is a voluntary noise which cats choose to make, and they purr consciously to communicate how they're feeling. If you've ever wondered how does a cat purr when they sleep, it's because cats snooze lightly to avoid potential predators, so they're often able to continue purring when extremely relaxed.
Cats, while often independent creatures, still crave attention and love, in addition to their obvious nutritional needs of fresh water, clean litter, and food. If you decide to bring a cat or kitten into your home, you should be prepared to spend at least 20 minutes a day giving your cat loving one-on-one attention.
Signs of a Depressed Cat
Meowing more or less than usual or making low-pitched, mournful meows. Lack of energy or a decrease in activity level. Retreating from humans or other family pets. Hiding or sleeping more than usual.
Research suggests that cats' short term memories last around 16 hours, which means they can remember recent events and react accordingly. If a cat has had a minor scare—such as a loud noise or being bumped by accident—it may remember and act skittishly for a short period.
To say "I love you" in cat language, use slow blinks, offer gentle head/cheek rubs (scent glands), let them initiate contact, provide interactive play, and simply share calm presence, mimicking their natural affection signals like grooming and trust-building.
Cat behavior red flags signal potential medical or emotional issues, including sudden changes in eating/drinking, litter box problems, excessive vocalization, increased hiding, aggression, lethargy, or changes in grooming (like overgrooming or stopping). Because cats hide illness well, any significant deviation from their normal routine, such as increased thirst, appetite changes, or unusual hiding, warrants an urgent vet visit to rule out serious underlying conditions like kidney disease, hyperthyroidism, diabetes, or pain.
Cats hate strong, pungent, or overly sharp smells, with citrus (lemon, orange), vinegar, strong spices (pepper, garlic), certain herbs (lavender, eucalyptus, rosemary), and harsh cleaners (ammonia) topping the list due to their overwhelming intensity and potential toxicity. These scents irritate their sensitive noses, often causing them to recoil or avoid areas where they are present, making them useful for humane deterrents.
Although videos which seemingly show cats speaking in human language are frequently shared on the internet, differences in cats' vocal tract prevent them from vocalising human language exactly. Instead, animal behaviour experts explain they are modifying the "meow" vocalisation to mimic certain human words.
Cats are juniors until the age of 2, and like human children, may start to show a different temperament between 6 months and 2 years old, even progressing from the (sometimes) defiant 'Terrible Two's' to becoming a stroppy teenager!
Signs of Anxiety in Cats
You can tell a cat is eating too much when they look much rounder around the torso. If you can't see the waistline, it's probably time to rethink your cat's diet! Other signs of an overfed cat include lethargy and exercise intolerance. Extra weight restricts mobility, making it harder to run, jump and play.