These studies reported that EMF radiation exposure during pregnancy is associated with miscarriages and fluctuations in the fetal temperature and heart rate variability, as well as infant anthropometric measures.
Foetuses are particularly sensitive to radiation during their early development, between weeks 2 and 18 of pregnancy. Globally, researchers have found that mobile phones emit radio waves, a type of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation which is not likely to affect the health of the mother or of the growing foetus.
In practice, the amount of energy emitted by your phone depends on how strong the signal is. The more powerful the signal, the less energy the phone needs to work, and the lower the SAR value. So only using your phone when you have a strong signal is one way to reduce the level of radiation you are exposed to.
Depending on the stage of fetal development, the health consequences of exposure at doses greater than 0.5 Gy can be severe, even if such a dose is too low to cause an immediate effect for the mother. The health consequences can include growth restriction, malformations, impaired brain function, and cancer.
The study did not show that the non-ionizing radiation — which is given off by cellphones, cordless phones, smart meters, wireless networks, power lines, and microwaves — caused the miscarriages.
Epidemiological studies and animal studies indicate that high exposures of ionizing radiation can cause miscarriage, congenital malformations, growth retardation, stillbirth, and cancer.
Unborn babies are less sensitive during some stages of pregnancy than others. However, fetuses are particularly sensitive to radiation during their early development, between weeks 2 and 18 of pregnancy. The health consequences can be severe, even at radiation doses too low to make the mother sick.
United States Nuclear Regulation Commission (USNRC) also recommends total fetus exposure during pregnancy to be less than 5.0 mSv (500 mrem). The fetus radiation dose below 50 mGy is considered safe and not cause any harm.
There is no radiation issue associated with using a laptop or any computer during your pregnancy. Since laptops do emit a fair amount of heat, though, not putting them on your abdomen is prudent, but using them on your lap (your thighs) is fine.
Standards for Protection Against Radiation that the dose equivalent to the fetus due to occupational exposure of a declared pregnant worker be kept below 500 mrem (5 mSv) during the pregnancy.
During your pregnancy, you should avoid: Raw meat and shellfish: Uncooked seafood (we're looking at you, sushi), including oysters, mussels, and clams. Also avoid rare or undercooked beef and poultry. These can be contaminated with toxoplasmosis or salmonella.
Although most foods and beverages are perfectly safe to enjoy, some, like raw fish, unpasteurized dairy, alcohol, and high mercury fish, should be avoided. Plus, some foods and beverages like coffee and foods high in added sugar, should be limited in order to promote a healthy pregnancy.
In the first two weeks postconception or the second two weeks from the last menstrual period, the embryo is very resistant to the malforming effects of x rays. The embryo is, however, sensitive to the lethal effects of x rays, although doses much higher than 50 mSv are necessary to cause a miscarriage.
The lead apron will protect your unborn child from virtually all of the c-arm radiation exposure so there is no need for extra concern. Lead aprons are made to attenuate the x-ray beam at least 95 to 98%—meaning that, at most, only 2 to 5% of the x rays could even get through the apron.
All screening equipment at the airport security checkpoint is safe for all travelers, including women who are pregnant.
The most radiosensitive period for the fetus is during organogenesis, which occurs at weeks 2–8 after conception (4,5).
Certain amounts of radiation can harm both the mother and her unborn baby at the cellular level and cause mutations in the DNA which can lead to birth defects.
A 2019 review of medical studies suggests that sleeping on your back carries risks, but it doesn't seem to matter whether you sleep on your right or left side. These studies do have some flaws, though. Third trimester pregnancy loss is very uncommon. Therefore, there aren't many cases from which to draw conclusions.
Injuries. Long-term (chronic) health conditions in the mother (diabetes, epilepsy, or high blood pressure) Problems with the placenta that prevent the fetus from getting nourishment (such as placental detachment) Sudden severe blood loss (hemorrhage) in the mother or fetus.
The uterus might be damaged by radiotherapy, as well. In fact, exposure to radiation during childhood leads to altered uterine vascularization, decreased uterine volume and elasticity, myometrial fibrosis and necrosis, endometrial atrophy and insufficiency.
Depending on the dose and site, radiation can have a long-term impact on reproductive potential for cancer survivors. This may include direct irreversible radiation injury to the ovary and uterus causing sterility and disruption of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis function from cranial radiation [5, 6].
Most miscarriages occur because the fetus isn't developing as expected. About 50 percent of miscarriages are associated with extra or missing chromosomes. Most often, chromosome problems result from errors that occur by chance as the embryo divides and grows — not problems inherited from the parents.