Fibromyalgia affects both muscles and nerves, causing widespread pain in muscles/tendons due to altered pain processing in the central nervous system, which makes nerves overreact to stimuli. It's a disorder of pain regulation where the brain and spinal cord amplify pain signals, leading to symptoms like chronic muscle soreness, fatigue, sleep issues, and heightened sensitivity, rather than actual nerve damage (neuropathy) or muscle/joint inflammation (arthritis).
Any soft tissue (muscles, tendons, and ligaments) may be affected. But soft tissue of the neck, upper shoulders, chest, rib cage, lower back, thighs, arms, and areas around certain joints are especially likely to be painful. Less often, the lower legs, hands, and feet are painful and stiff.
Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition that causes muscle pain and tenderness throughout the body, fatigue, difficulty sleeping, and mood issues. People with fibromyalgia may have a heightened sensitivity to pain compared to people without fibromyalgia.
Optimise your pain management plan; review pain management strategies such as planning, pacing, relaxation and flare-up management (see resources). Optimise your health, weight and physical conditioning to prepare for the physical changes brought on by pregnancy, and the physical demands of looking after your baby.
Ninety (73%) of the fibromyalgia patients reported altered bowel function as compared to 20 (37%) DJD patients and none of the normal controls (P less than 0.001). Ninety-nine patients (81%) reported normal alternating with irregular bowel pattern, and 77 (63%) had alternating diarrhea and constipation.
Other Overlooked Symptoms
TNX-102 SL (Tonmya; Tonix Pharmaceuticals), cyclobenzaprine HCl sublingual tablets, has been approved by the FDA to treat fibromyalgia in adult patients, making it the first new treatment approved for the musculoskeletal and chronic pain disorder in over 15 years and the fourth treatment approved overall.
Fibromyalgia is often triggered by an event that causes physical stress or emotional (psychological) stress. Possible triggers include: a serious injury, such as after a car accident. an infection, such as Epstein-Barr virus or Lyme disease.
Fibromyalgia and pregnancy
Patients are advised to consider getting pregnant when the symptoms are less severe. A healthy diet along with regular moderate exercise helps regain strength and keeps symptoms at a manageable level.
6 ways to manage your fibromyalgia
The discomfort from fibromyalgia may feel like burning, soreness, stiffness, aching, or gnawing pain, often times with sore spots in certain parts of your muscles. The pain may feel like arthritis. But it doesn't damage muscles or bones.
Should you consistently feel sensations such as numbness, a pins and needles effect, tingling, or weakness in the extremities, these could be signs of peripheral neuropathy. On the other hand, if such symptoms are intermittent rather than persistent, they might suggest fibromyalgia instead.
Toothaches in those with fibromyalgia aren't always due to typical dental issues such as cavities or gum disease. Instead, fibromyalgia can cause orofacial pain that is unrelated to these common dental problems1.
The pain most often affects the muscles and the points where muscles attach to bones. These are the ligaments and tendons. Pain may start in one part of your body, such as your neck and shoulders. But any part of the body may be affected.
Poor balance, coordination, tingling, weakness in the arms and legs, and numbness in any part of body correlated with appropriate neurological exam findings in the FM group.
Some describe it as the creepy-crawly feeling of invisible insects marching over their skin. People who live with fibromyalgia often experience paresthesia – any abnormal sensation of the skin that doesn't have an apparent physical cause.
With fibromyalgia, don't push through fatigue or overdo it, listen to your body, and pace activities. Avoid inflammatory foods like sugar, processed items, and excessive caffeine, along with alcohol and smoking, as they worsen pain. Don't neglect sleep, and manage stress through gentle exercise (like walking, swimming), deep breathing, and learning to say "no" to avoid overcommitment.
Traumatic experiences such as emotional, physical, or sexual abuse are thought to be triggering factors in susceptible individuals for FMS. [6,7] In addition, several studies have suggested that childhood traumatic experiences (CTEs) are relatively high in FMS patients.
Fibromyalgia can make you extremely sensitive to pain all over your body, and you may find that even the slightest touch is painful. If you hurt yourself, such as stubbing your toe, the pain may continue for much longer than it normally would.
To find out if you have fibromyalgia, your healthcare professional starts by asking you about your symptoms and health history. You also get a physical exam. Your care team checks for the main sign of fibromyalgia: widespread pain throughout the body for at least three months.
It's also suggested that some people are more likely to develop fibromyalgia because of genes inherited from their parents. In many cases, the condition appears to be triggered by things that are physical or emotional like an injury, an infection or stress.
It was speculated that fibromyalgia individuals present with a personality style that reflects being easily worried, pessimistic about their future, having heightened fear and avoidance of situations with which they cannot cope [40].
There are no gold-standard treatments for fibromyalgia. Treatment is focused on symptom management. A multidisciplinary approach and individualized treatment plan that incorporates a combination of interventions can help improve outcomes.
Cyclobenzaprine and tizanidine are muscle relaxants that may be used to help manage symptoms of fibromyalgia. These medications can reduce muscle tension and improve sleep, addressing common challenges faced by those with the condition.
Treatment options have historically been limited, and many patients report inadequate relief. On August 15, 2025, the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) approved a new treatment: Tonmya (cyclobenzaprine HCl sublingual tablets), marking the first new FDA-approved drug for fibromyalgia in more than 15 years.