The best known life support device is a mechanical ventilation machine, which helps patients breathe when a patient's lung is too sick to function on its own or when a patient is in too deep coma to effectively breathe.
Patients in a coma caused by severe brain injury may look indistinguishable from someone in a deep sleep, except that most comatose patients cannot breathe on their own and need support from a ventilator, with a tube inserted into their airway.
There is no rule about how long a person can stay on life support. People getting life support may continue to use it until they either recover or their condition worsens.
A medically induced coma is a drug-induced state of brain inactivation and unconsciousness. Doctors typically put a person in a medically induced coma using a barbiturate or propofol IV-drip as well as life support machines like a ventilator, Kristina Braly, MD, an anesthesiologist based in Texas, tells Health.
Someone in a coma often needs a feeding tube and some patients are unable to breathe on their own. In these cases, the patient needs a ventilator to keep breathing.
The chances of someone recovering from a coma largely depend on the severity and cause of their brain injury, their age and how long they've been in a coma. But it's impossible to accurately predict whether the person will eventually recover, how long the coma will last and whether they'll have any long-term problems.
Severe brain injury is usually defined as being a condition where the patient has been in an unconscious state for 6 hours or more, or a post-traumatic amnesia of 24 hours or more. These patients are likely to be hospitalised and receive rehabilitation once the acute phase has passed.
Comatose patients do not seem to hear or respond. Speaking may not affect their clinical outcome; time spent with them takes time away from other, more "viable" patients. Comatose patients may, however, hear; many have normal brain-stem auditory evoked responses and normal physiologic responses to auditory stimuli.
The overall survival rate was 18 (50.0%) of 36 patients. Conclusions: In severe acute respiratory failure treated with lung rest and extracorporeal life support, a predicted 50% mortality rate was associated with 5 days of preextracorporeal life support mechanical ventilation.
A coma doesn't usually last longer than several weeks. People who are unconscious for a longer time might transition to a lasting vegetative state, known as a persistent vegetative state, or brain death.
Coma patients are monitored carefully through the following four stages of recovery before they can determine the full extent of their brain injury and prognosis.
Studies show a very high overall mortality, ranging between 76% and 89%. 5, 6, 7 Of the surviving patients, only very few recover to a good outcome. The majority of the survivors do so with permanent disorders of consciousness or severe disabilities (see Table 1).
The majority of people (87 percent) who score a three or a four on the scale within the first 24 hours of going into a coma are likely to either die or remain in a vegetative state. On the other end of the scale, about 87 percent of those who score between 11 and 15 are likely to make a good recovery.
Doctors usually advise stopping life support when there is no hope left for recovery. The organs are no longer able to function on their own. Keeping the treatment going at that point may draw out the process of dying and may also be costly.
Life support refers to a variety of medical procedures that aim to keep you alive until your body is ready to take over again. Life support replaces or supports a body function that's failing. Your healthcare providers may use life support until your body can resume normal functioning. Life support doesn't mean death.
Usually families and the medical team (doctors and nurses) make decisions together about life support. However, sometimes doctors make the final decision about life support. Sometimes families will decide. This depends on the type of decision, as well as on what families want.
Over time, the person may start to gradually regain consciousness and become more aware. Some people will wake up after a few weeks, while others may go into a vegetative or minimally conscious state.
A person may appear fine, but will not able to speak or respond to commands. Spontaneous movements may occur, and the eyes may open in response to external stimuli. Individuals may even occasionally grimace, cry, or laugh.
Usually, coma patients have their eyes closed and cannot see what happens around them. But their ears keep receiving sounds from the environment. In some cases, the brains of coma patients can process sounds, for example the voice of someone speaking to them [2].
Use objects with pleasant tactile sensations and different textures such as soft toys, silk scarves or books. Put a bunch of flowers in the person's room or spray their favourite perfume.
Nearly every coma patient who reaches the state of post-traumatic amnesia will make a functional recovery. In fact, patients who transition from a coma to a minimally conscious state within 8 weeks are most likely to transition to post-traumatic amnesia and regain higher functions.
The person's recovery depends on the cause and severity of the coma, but anyone who falls into a comatose state is at risk of dying. In some cases, there may be a complete recovery with no loss of brain functioning, while in other cases, lifelong brain damage is the result.
Post-traumatic amnesia typically occurs after a survivor wakes up from a coma, a period of unconsciousness. During this time the survivor may not be able to recall certain memories. This can last from a few minutes to a couple weeks, depending on the severity of the brain injury.