Demodex, a genus of tiny parasitic mites that live in or near hair follicles of mammals, are among the smallest of arthropods with two species Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis typically found on humans.
Almost everyone has Demodex mites living on their skin and in their pores, particularly their: Cheeks.
Demodex mites are common ectoparasites in human skin, the number of mites increases with age. Demodex mites are found in about one third of children and young adults, half of adults, and two-thirds of elderly people. The lower rate in children is probably caused by immature sebaceous glands.
Researchers analyzing the mites' DNA can actually trace a person's geographic family origins over the course of generations. Still, scientists estimate 0.01% of people don't have any Demodex mites. “For me, that is the big question,” said Ocoha.
Despite the mites' relationship with us and other animals since mammals first appeared on Earth around 200 millions ago, Demodex are effectively on the path to extinction.
Face Mites: They Really Grow On You : Shots - Health News Demodex mites live inside your pores. Just about every adult human alive has a population living on them, and they're basically impossible to get rid of.
Medications typically used to treat demodex include metronidazole (topical),6 ivermectin (topical and oral), crotamiton (topical), and permethrin (topical).
Infestation with Demodex is common; prevalence in healthy adults varying between 23-100%. [1,2] Demodex infestation usually remains asymptomatic, although occasionally some skin diseases can be caused by imbalance in the immune mechanism.
Among them, only Demodex mites are permanent ectoparasites of human and other mammalian pilosebaceous unit. A total of 140 species or subspecies have been identified worldwide in 11 orders of mammals including humans (1).
Symptoms include red or dry eyes, swollen eyelids, sticky lashes, itching, burning or stinging, grittiness in the eyes and crustiness around the outer edge of the eyelid. An infestation of mites can also cause dry and itchy skin, and it can even damage the oil glands at the edges of the eyelids and the lashes.
Too many Demodex mites can cause uncomfortable symptoms that may include: Itchy or burning eyes, especially in the morning. Swollen eyelids. Crusty eyes.
"99.9 percent of humans carry them," says Ron Ochoa, a mite scientist at the US Department of Agriculture. They're most abundant on our faces, but live in the hair follicles all over our bodies, and a single person may harbor more than one million of them in total.
Demodex is contracted and spread by either direct contact or dust containing eggs.
New research published in the journal Molecular Biology and Evolution found that Demodex developed its unique body plan through inbreeding, a sheltered life and genome shrinkage. The authors warn that continued DNA erosion could drive the species to extinction.
I recommend washing sheets and pillowcases in hot water and drying with the hottest possible dryer setting to kill the mites that might otherwise jump from bedding to faces. In some cases, it might even help to get new pillows. Patients might also consider not using makeup for a week, and discarding their old makeup.
As previously stated, Demodex is acquired shortly after birth and their numbers increase during puberty as sebaceous glands proliferate. The prevalence continues to increase with age, with 13% of 3-15 year olds infested, 69% of 31-50 year olds, 84% by age 60, and 100% after 70 years of age.
The results showed that the Demodex count dropped to zero in 3 weeks in five patients and in 4 weeks in another two patients without any recurrence 1 month later. These seven patients were younger (59.86 (8.7) year old), and had a mean count of 7.9 (4.1) before treatment.
The Demodex life cycle has 4 stages: (1) egg (fusiform or lemon shaped), (2) larva (3 pairs of legs), (3) nymph (4 pairs of legs), and (4) adult (4 pairs of legs and breastplates)2 (FIGURES 1 and 2).
Common interventions used for Demodex infestation include metronidazole-based therapies, permethrin, benzoyl benzoate, crotamiton, lindane, and sulfur. Short courses of metronidazole taken orally have shown efficacy in reducing Demodex density.
Temperatures below 0 degrees C and above 37 degrees C are harmful to the mites. The lethal temperature is 54 degrees C, and the effective temperature that kills Demodex mites is 58 degrees C.
Direct contact or eggs present in dust as well as contact with infected towels, blankets, or sponges are the possible routes of Demodex spp. infection described in the literature [13, 14]. The use of facial creams or eyeliners has been considered as a potential route of Demodex spp.
Of all the treatment options investigated, tea tree oil has been shown to be the most promising option for killing Demodex mites (Liu 2010). Tea tree oil therapies may be more effective as they are known to have antibacterial, antifungal, and anti‐inflammatory properties (Liu 2010).
Risk Factors. Some people are at greater risk for face-mite overgrowth than others. This includes people with conditions affecting the immune system, such as HIV or AIDS. Medications like chemotherapy or topical steroids can also impair the immune response and put you at higher risk of overgrowth.