Rapid eating is a common problem observed in individuals with developmental disabilities (McGimsey, 1977). This behavior can lead to serious health problems, such as vomiting and aspiration (Kedesky & Budd, 1998), and may be socially stigmatizing.
Rapid eating is a common and potentially dangerous behavior among individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; Favell et al. Behavior Modification, 4, 481–492, 1980).
Causes of overeating in autistic children and teenagers include habits, obsessions, unpredictable mealtimes, sensory sensitivities and emotions. It can help to keep snack foods out of reach or sight, replace snacks with other activities, and aim for predictable meals.
Types of feeding problems associated with autism
The feeding concern most commonly observed in children with autism is food selectivity, or eating a limited variety of foods. This most often involves preference for starches and snack foods and more frequent rejection of fruits and vegetables.
Eating problems are common in autistic people.
Issues such as only eating very few foods, not being able to eat at school, going long periods of time without eating and pica (eating non-foods) can feel difficult to understand and manage.
Atypical eating behaviours have been recognised as common in autism. Such food behaviours can include very limited food preferences, hypersensitivity to food textures or temperatures, and pocketing food without swallowing.
Autistic individuals may have highly selective eating requirements or be particularly sensitive to the textures, look, smell or sound of foods, which can lead to food aversions. The social aspects of eating (such as sitting at a table with others, waiting until others are finished) can also be challenging.
Many autistic people struggle with interoception. This means that they have a difficult time feeling and interpreting their body's signals. This connects with disordered eating behavior because it means they may miss their body's cues that they are hungry or full.
If you have a picky eater with autism, know that you're not alone. A recent review of scientific studies found that children with autism are five times more likely to have mealtime challenges such as extremely narrow food selections, ritualistic eating behaviors (e.g. no foods can touch) and meal-related tantrums.
Researchers believe that ADHD symptoms like impulsivity and inattention play a role. With BED, people often eat large amounts of food quickly, even when they're full. Unlike with bulimia, they don't try to purge the food by throwing up or through excessive exercise. But they do often feel shame afterward.
Have you ever eaten so much that your stomach hurt and left you asking, “Why did I do that?” Adults with ADHD tend to eat their food faster, which can lead to over consumption – your stomach doesn't have enough time to signal to your brain that you are satisfied.
Autistic children in the United States tend to prefer bland, neutral-colored foods much more than neurotypical children or those with other developmental conditions do. And for a few autistic children, the list of things they eat contains unusual items: crayons, soap, paper.
Whilst adults and some children may enjoy trying new and different dishes, autistic children tend to prefer food that is less stimulating. The taste of chicken nuggets is not overwhelming, a characteristic which is welcome to children with sensory issues.
Young children may express more voiced than unvoiced laughter, as they haven't yet learned to purposely laugh. The test group of autistic children laughed just about as often as the non-autistic kids, but the autistic children's laughter was 98 percent voiced, while non-autistic children produced both types.
Impaired affective expression, including social smiling, is common in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and may represent an early marker for ASD in their infant siblings (Sibs-ASD).
It's common for kids on the autism spectrum to have problems with eating. This can make it hard to get them to eat a healthy range of foods. And it can cause a lot of conflict at mealtime. To work on picky eating, the first step is having a doctor rule out stomach issues that might be causing it.
Another study found that children with autism are up to 41% more likely to develop obesity. Of these children, those at the highest risk are girls, nonwhite children, and older children. Within the study, the prevalence of obesity was 22.2%.
Many autistic people experience hypersensitivity to bright lights or certain light wavelengths (e.g., LED or fluorescent lights). Certain sounds, smells, textures and tastes can also be overwhelming. This can result in sensory avoidance – trying to get away from stimuli that most people can easily tune out.
In addition, research appearing in Frontiers in Endocrinology found that people with ASD, like those with type 2 diabetes, have impaired glucose tolerance and excessive levels of insulin (a condition known as hyperinsulinemia). Because of this, consuming sugar may magnify improper insulin signaling.