Citations can appear "within or at the end of a sentence", depending on the placement of a quotation or an author's name (American Psychological Association [APA], 2020, p. 263).
Note: Usually, your parenthetical citation will go at the end of the sentence, but sometimes it can go in the middle of the sentence if there is a naturally occurring pause and if putting it at the end of the sentence would move it farther away from the documented material.
The in-text citation must be placed within the sentence, or after the sentence, where you have used the information. The author only needs to be included if he/she has not already been stated in the sentence.
This would traditionally be with the title and then the date of publication (Title of Book, year of publication). As you are writing your paper you may want in the middle of a sentence to “directly cite something that is very important” (Author, publication year, p. page number of quote) to the meaning of your paper.
If multiple sources are cited within the narrative of a sentence, they can appear in any order. Beltran (2014), Randall (2016, 2017), and Holden and Daughtery (2015) examined... See pp.
Only one note is allowed to be cited at a location in a sentence. However, multiple sources can be included in the same note. The sources should be included in the same order in which they are mentioned in the sentence and be separated by semicolons.
Separate the citations with semicolons. Arrange two or more works by the same authors (in the same order) by year of publication. Place in-press citations last. Give the authors' surnames once; for each subsequent work, give only the date.
When you use a quotation mid-sentence, end the quote with quotation marks and cite the source in parentheses immediately after, and continue the sentence. If the author's name and the date of publication are included before the quotation, then provide only the page numbers immediately after the quotation.
Citations can appear "within or at the end of a sentence", depending on the placement of a quotation or an author's name (American Psychological Association [APA], 2020, p. 263).
Quotation interrupted in the middle of a sentence
When the annunciatory clause falls in the middle of a sentence, use a comma and closing quotation marks before it, and a comma and opening quotation marks after it.
When your parenthetical citation includes two or more works, order them the same way they appear in the reference list (viz., alphabetically), separated by a semi-colon. If you cite multiple works by the same author in the same parenthetical citation, give the author's name only once and follow with dates.
How to include multiple citations in your text. If you need to cite multiple sources in a sentence, then you can put them all in brackets, separated by a semi-colon: (Kyenti, 2019; Smith et al. 2020; Townes and Brown, 2018).
After the author's last name, add a comma. Then, add the author's initials for the author's first name and middle name (if the middle name or middle initial is provided). After each initial add a period. In there is a middle name or middle initial provided, add a space between the initials.
One way to do that is to incorporate your quotation into the middle of your sentence, which is a really effective way of using a quotation. This approach of integrating quotations allows you to add context and analysis around the quotation, integrating it into your own ideas, your voice, and the rest of your paragraph.
In-text citation formats
Information focused format - the citation is usually placed at the end of a sentence. Author focused format - the name of the author appears as part of the text, it need not be repeated in parenthetical citation. The date should immediately follow the author's name.
Appropriate level of citation
Instead, when paraphrasing a key point in more than one sentence within a paragraph, cite the source in the first sentence in which it is relevant and do not repeat the citation in subsequent sentences as long as the source remains clear and unchanged.
For a direct quotation, always include a full citation (parenthetical or narrative) in the same sentence as the quotation, including the page number (or other location information, e.g., paragraph number). Place a parenthetical citation either immediately after the quotation or at the end of the sentence.
APA 7 Style uses the author-date citation method with parentheses. After a quote, add parentheses containing the author's name, the year of publication, and the page number(s) the quote appears. For quotations that are on one page, type "p." before the page number.
In APA Style, cite your sources by putting the information about the source in parentheses at the end of a sentence or in the text of your paper as opposed to a footnote where the source information is at the bottom of the page or an endnote where it goes at the end of your paper.
Parenthetical citations include the author(s) and the date of publication within parentheses. Narrative citations intertwine the author as part of the sentence with the date of publication (in parentheses) following.
When citing the work of the same author multiple times in one paragraph, you do not need to reference the author at the end of each sentence. That would look clunky and make your writing stilted. Instead, introduce the author with a full in-text citation at the beginning of the paragraph and then, again, at the end.
There is no such thing as “over-citing,” so cite the original source as much as possible. You must cite the source every time you incorporate research, words, ideas, data, or information that is not your own (2).
For all in-text citations with more than 2 authors, utilize “et al.” after the first listed author to conserve space. Please note, “et al.” is an abbreviation of the Latin et alia (and others), so you will need to include the period after “al.” with every use!