Certain neurologic and mental health conditions are thought to be related to times when GABA messaging activity (“signaling”) isn't in balance and working as it should. Decreased GABA activity may contribute to: Anxiety and mood disorders.
The evidence for GABAergic involvement in panic disorder is that blocking GABAA receptors with antagonists leads to severe anxiety in man and in animals,22,23 whereas increasing GABA function with agonists reduces anxiety.
However, some individuals have adverse effects (seizures, increased pain, anxiety, irritability, aggression) upon exposure. Positive GABA-A receptor modulators induce strong paradoxical effects including negative mood in 3%-8% of those exposed, while up to 25% have moderate symptoms.
When GABA attaches to a protein in your brain known as a GABA receptor, it produces a calming effect. This can help with feelings of anxiety, stress, and fear. It may also help to prevent seizures. As a result of these properties, GABA has also become a popular supplement in recent years.
Clinical studies suggest that taking up to 120 milligrams (mg) of GABA per day as supplements for 12 weeks is unlikely to cause adverse effects. People should take care when using them with other drugs. Using them with medications for high blood pressure or epilepsy may increase the impact of those drugs.
GABA Dosage Guide
The typical dosage for general stress relief is around 750–800 milligrams daily, divided up into three to four doses over the course of the day. For anxiety, some recommend taking between 250 milligrams to 650 milligrams three times daily, for a total of 750–1,950 milligrams.
One small study of 13 adults showed GABA to be effective as a relaxant and anxiety reliever, with slowed brain waves seen within an hour of taking the supplement.
For this reason, it's best to play it safe and not use GABA if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. Interactions. Not enough is known about how GABA may interact with drugs, foods, or other herbs and supplements, but use with caution if taking with blood pressure medications.
Dosage and Timing of GABA Supplements
A small-scale study found that taking a 300 milligram (mg) dose of GABA before bed for several weeks was well-tolerated and reduced the time required to fall asleep. Evidence points to a need to take GABA supplements for at least one week to influence stress levels or sleep.
GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptors have opposite effects on synaptic glutamate release on the nucleus tractus solitarii neurons.
GABA and Mental Health
This can lead to too little GABA, which may play a role in disorders related to brain function and mood, including schizophrenia, autism, depression, and anxiety. GABA activity (too little or too much) is also associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
Withdrawal symptoms can begin within 12 hours to 7 days after quitting the medication and last up to 10 days. Symptoms of gabapentin withdrawal may include nausea, dizziness, headaches, insomnia, and anxiety. The safest way to stop using gabapentin is to taper off the medication under the supervision of a doctor.
The usual doses are 100 mg of GABA and 1–3 mg of melatonin, taken 30–60 minutes before bedtime. At these levels, melatonin and GABA are safe and generally well tolerated.
GABA supplements are considered likely to be safe when taken by mouth for up to 12 weeks.
The NNHPD monograph for Cognitive Function Products recommends a daily intake of 50–3000 mg GABA that does not exceed 750 mg per single dose; it also says to consult a healthcare practitioner for use of products providing 300 mg/day or more when GABA is used for longer than 4 weeks [48].
Anxiety disorders.
The HPA axis is associated with stress, so chronic overactivity of the HPA axis contributed in part by GABA is associated with pathologic stress, depression, and anxiety. Patients with disorders of anxiety have reduced response to benzodiazepines and downregulated GABA release.
GABA deficits in depression
The strongest evidence that GABAergic deficits may contribute to depressive disorders is based on reduced GABA levels in plasma 53,54 and cerebrospinal fluid 55 or resected cortical tissue 56 of depressed patients.
High levels may reflect decreased ability to convert to succinate for use in the Krebs (citric acid) cycle for energy generation. Cofactors here are α-KG and vitamin B6. GABA is elevated in sleep apnea, ovarian cancer, and is suspected in anxiety, foggy thinking, and lethargy.
GABA is called an inhibitory neurotransmitter because it blocks certain messages sent from nerve cells to the brain. 1 Because it blocks nerve stimulation and excitement, GABA can reduce stress and anxiety.
As a general rule you will get the best results if you take GABA on an empty stomach or away from food. If you can't take it away from food, don't worry, it will still work, it may just not be as fast acting. For anxiety or chronic stress take 1-3 caps in the morning – and then take 1-3 caps in the afternoon.
Magnesium stimulates the activity of cerebral GABAergic systems by behaving as a modulator of GABA receptors, increasing their activity.
Gabapentin and magnesium can interact with each other. Magnesium can lower the effects of gabapentin. If you've been prescribed gabapentin and take a medication or supplement containing magnesium, it's recommended to take gabapentin at least 2 hours after taking it.
Neurotransmitters are brain chemicals that facilitate communication between brain cells. GABA works by decreasing brain activity. Although different classes of CNS depressants work in unique ways, ultimately it is their ability to increase GABA activity that produces a drowsy or calming effect.
GABA enables the body and mind to relax and fall asleep, and sleep soundly throughout the night. Low GABA activity is linked to insomnia and disrupted sleep. In one study, GABA levels in people with insomnia were almost 30 percent lower than in people without the sleep disorder.
Research suggests it not only helps regulate neural activity, but it also influences almost all major organ systems in the body. When it comes to GABA, serotonin plays the role of a modulator. This means it works to enhance and improve the effects of GABA.